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Shsashi Vind Mishra ¹, Deepak Maurya ², Garima Gupta ³

Affiliations
1 Indian Agriculture Research Institute, New Delhi, IN
2 Central Soil and Water Conservation Research and Training Institute, DEHRADUN Uttarakhand, IN
3 National Research Centre for Agroforestry, JHANSI U. P., IN

Abstract

Oilseed Brassicas, rapeseed mustard accounting for over 13.2 per cent of the world's edible oil supply are third most important edible oil source after soyabean and palm. In India, it is the major oil crop rank second acreage with 6.23 million ha, superseded by the groundnut only. Phosphorus is an essential component of deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA), the seat of genetic inheritance, and of ribonucleic acid (RNA), which direct protein synthesis in both plants and animals. Sulphur is the 13th most abundant element in the earth's crust, an essential secondary plant nutrient, is required by plant and animals in approximately the same amount as phosphorus. In Brassicas, which are more susceptible to S-deficiency as it enhance oil quantity and quality both. In the past, farmers were using S-containing fertilizers viz., ammonium sulphate and SSP but recently they have started using high N and P fertilizers which are Sfree viz., urea, DAP, and triple super phosphate. Therefore, the present study was taken up to find out the optimum dose and source of Sulphur fertilizer for mustard crop grown on an alluvial soil for optimum mustard oil production. In the study it was found that sulphur significantly responsible for oil content of mustard and when applied with phosphorus at 30 kg/ha, gives best response.

Keywords

Alluvial soil, Brassicas, DNA, Interaction, Phosphrus, RNA, Sulphur

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Garima Gupta ¹, R. S. Yadav ¹, Deepak Maurya ², S. V. Mishra ³

Affiliations
1 National Research Centre for Agroforestry, Jhansi, U.P., IN
2 Central Soil and Water Conservation Training and Research Institute, Dehradun Uttarakhand, IN
3 Indian Agriculture Research Institute, New Delhi, IN

Abstract

Agroforestry provides many direct and indirect benefits to the society. It not only meets the requirement of fuel, fodder, food, furniture, farm implements, employment etc. but also enriches soil, increases biodiversity, sequester C, prevent soil erosion, conserve water etc. For soil enrichment, trees capture nutrients from deeper layers and add to the surface soil through leaf shedding (litterfall) and incorporation of pruned biomass. Litterfall and pruned biomass consequent upon the decomposition, release nutrients and results cumulative build up and/or sustain soil fertility. Thus understanding the processes and mechanism of soil enrichment in tree based cropping systems is necessary. Therefore, the present study was undertaken at the research farm of National Research Centre for Agroforestry during 2006-2007. The results revolve that leaves formed the major component of the total litter followed by petiole, fruit and bark. Leaves formed 67.7, 67.8, 69.7 and 70.4 per cent of the total litter under A. procera un-pruned + fallow, A. procera unpruned + cropping, A. procera pruned 50 per cent + cropping, and A. procera pruned 70 per cent + cropping, respectively. Annually, litter production under these systems varied between 6.32 - 26.0 kg tree-1. It is observed that quantity of N, P and K addition through litter fall of MPTs depends on the nature of MPTs, amount of litter fall, season, nutrient composition, canopy structure/geometry and canopy positions underneath. In irrespective of A. procera based land uses and pruning regimes therein, maximum amounts of N, P and K addition in winter followed by summer and rainy season coincided with the amounts of litter fall in respective seasons.

Keywords

Agroforestry System, Soil Enrichment, Nutrient Release, Litterfall, Pruned Biomass

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Deepak Maurya ¹, Shashi Vind Mishra ², Garmina Gupta ³

Affiliations
1 Central Soil and Water Conservation Training and Research Institute, Dehradun, Uttarakhand, IN
2 Indian Agriculture Research Institute, New Delhi, IN
3 National Research Centre for Agroforestry, Jhansi U. P., IN

Abstract

Ocean Energy (OE) involves the generation of electricity from the waves, the tides, the currents, the salinity gradient, and the thermal gradient of the sea or the ocean. The ocean is an enormous and predictable source of renewable energy with the potential to satisfy an important percentage of the worldwide electricity supply. The oceans cover 75 per cent of the world surface and, therefore, it represents one of the largest renewable energy sources available to contribute to the security of energy supply and reduce greenhouse gases emissions. Globally, the theoretical potential of OE has been estimated by the International Energy Agency's Implementing Agreement on Ocean Energy (IEA-OES) between 20,000 and 90,000 TWh/year (as a reference, the world's electricity consumption is around 16,000 TWh/year). This breaks up depending on technology, in the following way: tide and marine current resources represent estimated annual global potentials exceeding 300 TWh and 800 TWh per annum, respectively. Wave energy has an estimated theoretical potential of between 8,000 TWh and 80,000 TWh per annum. The theoretical potential of ocean thermal gradient (also known as OTEC) is estimated around 10,000 TWh per annum. The potential of salinity gradients is estimated at 2,000 TWh per annum. The paper deals each and every component of ocean energy and its potential in India.

Keywords

Ocean Energy, Salinity Gradient, Thermal Gradient, Wave Energy, Renewable Energy

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J. S. Sudarsan ¹, V. T. Deeptha ¹, Deepak Maurya ¹, Mukesh Goel ², K. Ravi Kumar ², Ashutosh Das ²

Affiliations
1 Department of Civil Engineering, SRM University, Kattankulathur-603 203, T. N., IN
2 Centre for Environmental Engineering, PRIST University, Thanjavur-613 403, T. N., IN

Abstract

Electroplating waste with very high concentration of metals and COD has always been posing a great challenge for treatment in an environmental-friendly way. The present study attempts at use of constructed wetland in treating electroplating waste. Three types of wetland setups were used in the study, namely: single wetland cell, two-wetland cells in cascade and single wetland cell with adsorbent bed for varying hydraulic detention times (2 days, 4 days and 6 days) in batch mode. The percentage removal of all metals was found to be more than 80%. The effect of varying detention time was not found to improve the removal efficiency in all the three cells varying modes of treatment, thus indicating 2 days to be optimum detention time. The mode of set-up of the wetland cells (i.e., with cascading and with augmented adsorbents) was not found to be statistically significant compared to treatment using single-isolated wetland cell unit, based on ANOVA test for two-factors, i.e., chemical speciation and wetland cell-setup types.

Keywords

Constructed Wetland, Electroplating Wastewater, Heavy Metals, Hydraulic Detention Time.

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